Bearing shaft and shaft parts, to ensure the accuracy of the rotation axis. The friction properties of the bearing can be divided into plain bearings and rolling bearings. Plain bearings have steady work, no noise, small radial dimension, impact resistance and load capacity and other advantages. The rolling bearing is standard parts, low-cost mass production cost, easy installation, widely used. For beginners, the rolling bearing type selection; life calculation; modular design is more difficult to master.
11-1 plain bearings Overview
A sliding bearing of the type
Bearing their load-bearing direction is divided into:
(1) radial sliding bearings, which mainly take radial load.
(2) a thrust bearing, only axial load.
Press bearing friction (lubrication) state can be divided into liquid friction (lubrication) bearings and non-liquid friction (lubrication) bearings.
(1) liquid friction bearings (fully liquid lubricated bearings) principle of liquid-friction bearings in the friction surface between the journal and the bearing of adequate oil, lubricants greater thickness, will be completely separated from the surface of the journal and the bush. Thus friction coefficient is very small, generally friction coefficient = 0.001 to 0.008. Since always able to maintain a stable liquid lubrication. This bearing is suitable for high speed, high precision and heavy-duty and other occasions.
(2) a non-liquid friction bearings (not entirely liquid lubricated bearings)
Non-liquid friction bearings rely on adsorption on the shaft and the bearing bore surface of thin film, the two single friction surface can not be completely separated from direct contact with part of the surface. Thus friction coefficient, = 0.05 to 0.5. If lubricating oil is completely lost, there will be dry friction. Intense friction, wear, damage or even glued.
Second, the sliding characteristics of the bearing
Advantages: (1) high carrying capacity; smooth and reliable (2) work, low noise; small (3) radial dimension; (4) High precision; (5) when the fluid lubrication, friction, wear less; (6) Film there is a certain shock-absorbing capacity
Disadvantages: (1) non-fluid friction sliding bearings, friction is large, badly worn. (2) in the starting fluid friction sliding bearings under traffic, load, speed is difficult to achieve relatively large fluid friction; (3) fluid friction bearing design, manufacture, maintenance costs higher.
Structures and Materials 11-2 plain bearings
A radial bearing
1. Integral sliding bearing
Integral sliding bearing structure as shown by the bearing and the bearing bush 1 2 composition, the bearing housing portion has a hole, oil grooves within the overall liner, respectively, and lead to fuel oil for lubrication. This bearing structure is simple, inexpensive, but detachable shaft inconvenience can not be adjusted after the radial bearing wear gap. For use in low light load or intermittent operation of the occasion.
2. Split sliding bearings
Split-type sliding bearing structure as shown by the bearing, bearing cover, two-division bearing, studs and gaskets composition. And the bearing cap bearing joints made stepped, in order to locate the pair. Here placed shim to adjust the radial bearing clearance after wear. Therefore, easy assembly and disassembly, widely used.
3. Self-aligning bearing
Structure as shown, the outer surface of the pad which made a spherical shape, a spherical surface in contact with the inner bore of the bearing support, can automatically adapt to the bending axis deflection produced, can reduce local wear. Suitable for large bearing span between bearing or journal longer the case.
Second, the thrust sliding bearing
Thrust bearing structure as shown, can be divided into three forms:
Solid thrust bearing, journal end face of the central pressure than at the edge of a large, easy to enter the lubricating oil, poor lubrication conditions.
Hollow thrust bearing, the hollow portion of the end face of the journal can store oil, the pressure is relatively uniform, small carrying capacity.
Polycyclic thrust bearing, pressure is uniform, can withstand a greater load. But each ring bearer ranging number of rings can not be too much.
Third, bearing materials
The main failure mode of slide bearings: wear and glue, fatigue failure, etc.
1. Therefore, the bearing material requirements:
The main failure modes is to consider these bearings, bearing material requirements are as follows,
(1) sufficient tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact ability;
(2) Good anti-friction, wear resistance and scuffing resistance;
(3) Good compliance, embedded and conformability;
(4) good corrosion resistance, thermal and chemical properties (thermal conductivity and thermal expansion) and transfer slip (oil adsorption capacity)
(5) Good plasticity. Having a shaft bending and other geometric errors ability to adapt.
(6) good process and economy.
The pad may be made of a material, the casting surface may be a metal bearing lining the interior. That bearing bush.
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Mechanical design in slide bearings
2016-04-20
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